Esophageal cancer is malignancy of the esophagus. There are various subtypes. Esophageal tumors usually lea to dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), pain and other symptoms, and are diagnosed with biopsy. Small and localized tumors are treated surgically with curative intent. Larger tumors tend not to be operable and hence cannot be cured; their growth can still be delayed with chemotherapy, radiotherapy or a combination of the two. In some cases chemo- and radiotherapy can render a larger tumor operable. Prognosis depends on the extent of the disease and other medical problems, but is fairly poor.